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- DAA
- Direct-acting antiviral
- DOT
- Directly observed therapy
- EASL
- European Association for the Study of the Liver
- ECDC
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
- EEA
- European Economic Area
- EFSQ–P
- European Facilities Survey Questionnaire – Prison
- EMCDDA
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
- EQDP
- European Questionnaire on Drug use among people living in Prison
- EU
- European Union
- EUDA
- European Union Drugs Agency
- HAV
- Hepatitis A Virus
- HBV
- Hepatitis B Virus
- HCC
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCV
- Hepatitis C virus
- HIV
- Human immunodeficiency virus
- MSM
- Men who have sex with men
- NSP
- Needle and syringe programme
- OAT
- Opioid agonist treatment
- POC
- Point-of-care
- PWID
- People who inject drugs
- PWUD
- People who use drugs
- SDG
- Sustainable Development Goal
- STI
- Sexually transmitted infection
- SToP-C
- Surveillance and Treatment of Prisoners with Hepatitis C study
- SVR
- Sustained viral response
- TasP
- Treatment as prevention
- UN
- United Nations
- WHO
- World Health Organization
- Adherence
- The extent to which a person actively follows through with prescribed medical treatment and recommendations.
- Continuum of care
- The sequential steps undertaken to engage, diagnose, treat, cure, and monitor individuals at risk of, or infected with, hepatitis C.
- Cirrhosis
- A complication of liver disease which involves loss of liver cells and irreversible scarring of the liver.
- Direct acting antiviral (DAA)
- Medications that target hepatitis C virus replication. DAAs have high cure rates following a short course of treatment, are administered orally and have very few side effects.
- Directly observed therapy (DOT)
- A method of treatment administration in which a healthcare professional watches as a person takes each dose of a medication to ensure all medications are received and taken as prescribed. It is sometimes called directly administered antiretroviral therapy (DAART) within the context of HIV/AIDS.
- Drug treatment
- An activity or activities that directly target people who experience problems with their drug use and aims to achieve defined objectives with regard to the alleviation and/or elimination of these problems, provided by experienced or accredited professionals, in the framework of recognised medical, psychological or social assistance practice.
- Health promotion
- The process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants and thereby improve their health.
- Escort
- The process of supervised transfer of a person in prison from one location to another by one or more correctional officers.
- Implementation
- To put in place the infrastructure, resources, and processes to establish an effective hepatitis service.
- Injecting risk behaviour
- Behaviours that may include receptive needle/syringe sharing, passing on used needles/syringes, reusing one’s own needles/syringes and sharing other non-needle/syringe injecting equipment.
- Linkage to care
- The process that links a person newly diagnosed with a disease to care, including medical treatment.
- Movements
- The highly organised transfer of people living in prison between different prisons, to the courts, or internal escort to a different part of the same prison. This often requires complex logistical and security planning.
- Needle and syringe program (NSP)
- Provision of sterile injecting equipment with an aim to prevent transmission of blood-borne viruses.
- Opioid agonist treatment (OAT)
- Use of opioid agonist medications such as methadone and buprenorphine to prevent withdrawal symptoms and reduce drug cravings among opioid-dependent individuals. Opioid substitution treatment/therapy (OST) is only used in this document when a source using this term is cited. Naltrexone, an opioid antagonist, is not considered as part of OAT in this document.
- Opt-in testing
- Testing, which is voluntary and offered to all eligible people, often on the basis of identified risk factors; the person chooses whether to have the test.
- Opt-out testing
- Testing modality where all eligible people are informed that the test will be performed unless they actively refuse; testing is voluntary.
- Peers
- People within a community with equal standing with each other, belonging to the same group and sharing a common experience. Peer support, which can occur informally or formally, refers to support provided and received by people who are peers.
- People who inject drugs
- Individuals who inject a psychoactive substance, not according to medical prescription.
- Person-centred approach
- Where programmes and services are focused on the health needs and expectations of the individual rather than diseases.
- Point-of-care tests
- A point-of-care test is a test that is performed near the person or healthcare facility, has a fast time to result, and may lead to a change in patient management. Point-of-care tests can use multiple sample types including serum, plasma, venous whole blood, capillary blood and oral fluid.
- Prisons
- A collective term including jails and other correctional centres in which people living in prison are legally held as a punishment for a crime, either prior to conviction (remand) or following sentencing.
- Remand
- The status of individuals who are imprisoned but not yet sentenced.
- Remand prison
- Facilities that hold adults awaiting trial or sentencing or both, and people sentenced mostly to a term of less than one year.
- Scale-up
- To establish or expand services to reach more of those at risk of, or infected with, viral hepatitis, and to enhance effectiveness.
- Screening
- The application of a medical procedure or test to people who as yet have no symptoms of a particular disease, for the purpose of determining their likelihood of having the disease.
- Seroprevalence
- The level of past and/or present exposure to a pathogen in a population, as measured by the presence of biomarkers in the blood.
- Security classification
- The level of security associated with a prison or a prisoner, generally described as ‘maximum’, ‘medium’, or ‘minimum’ (and other variations of these terms).
- Sterile injecting equipment
- Sterile items used to prepare and/or inject drugs, including sterile syringes, needles, and sterile drug preparation equipment such as cookers, filters and water.
- Sustained virological response (SVR)
- Where no hepatitis C virus is detectable in the blood 12 (or 24) weeks following the completion of antiviral treatment (also considered to be hepatitis C cure).
- Telemedicine
- The use of telecommunication technologies to deliver health services where clients/patients and healthcare providers are separated by a distance.
- Wings
- The section of the prison structure containing tens or sometimes hundreds of individual cells.
- Withdrawal
- Symptoms that can occur after use of a drug is reduced or stopped; these symptoms occur if tolerance to a substance has occurred and vary according to substance. Withdrawal symptoms can include negative emotions such as stress, anxiety, or depression, as well as physical effects such as nausea, vomiting, muscle aches, and cramping, among others. Withdrawal symptoms can lead a person to use the substance again.
